Fgd handbook

Publication Date:. Announced Date:. More Options …. Research Organization:. Sponsoring Organization:. Product Type:. Publication Date newest to oldest Publication Date oldest to newest Relevance. ETDE Web. FGD handbook. Full Record Technical Report:. Chemical re- action of limestone with SOa in the flue gas produces waste solids, which must be removed continuously from the scrubbing loop.

These waste solids are concentrated in a thickener and then dewatered in a vacuum filter to produce a filter "cake," which is mixed with fly. The resulting stabilized mixture is then transported to a landfill. The limestone scrubbing system is called a "throwaway" process because the product sludge is disposed of rather than regenerated to recover sulfur.

The limestone FGD process has been enhanced with the advent of recent technology improvements, which provide options to the basic limestone process. The capabilities of these optional process features are being verified by current commercial experience. The Handbook presents a systematic approach to managerial decision-making through discussion of process and equipment options. Among the major design considera- tions are those related to the power plant: coal properties and supply, steam generator design, power demand, factors related to the power plant site, and environmental regulations.

The primary factors serving as the design basis are those that determine the size and configuration of the FGD system: flow rate, composition, pressure, and temperature of the flue gas from the boiler. These parameters, together with the pollutant removal requirements, reagent stoichiometric ratio, and com- positions of the limestone and makeup water, provide the basis for FGD system design. Most critical among these are the options for 1 particulate removal separate versus integral , 2 location of the flue gas fan, 3 flue gas bypass versus no bypass , 4 reheat versus no reheat , and 5 sludge disposal.

Redundancy and system flexibility, which are closely interrelated, are needed to some extent in every limestone FGD system. They are dis- cussed as options because decisions must be made as to the degree of redundancy and flexibility to be incor- porated into the system design.

Three major computer programs are available for use in the planning and operational stages of a limestone FGD project. The Bechtel- Modified Radian Equilibrium program gives simplified equations for calculation of gypsum saturation levels as an index of scaling potential. The FGD System A substantial portion of the Handbook gives detailed descriptions of key components of the FGD system including materials of construction and process control.

Volume 1 of the handbook explains FGD system chemistry in the detail necessary to understand how the processes operate and how process performance indicators can be used to optimize system operation. Volume 2 includes 54 physical testing and chemical analysis methods for reagents, slurries, and solids, and information on applicability of individual methods to specific FGD systems. This program and selected chemical analyses will help an FGD system operator optimize system performance, prevent many potential process problems, and define solutions to existing problems.

Similar records in OSTI. GOV collections:. Volume 1. Process chemistry - sampling, measurement, and laboratory guidelines.